Jeffrey Dahmer - 782 Words

Jeffrey Dahmer Reed Criminology Instructor Steven Cable Word count: 787 words Abstract Jeffrey Dahmer was an intensely troubled child who grew up in an environment rejecting him fuelling his loneliness. As an adult his instability only escalated. This has revealed that parental upbringing is of core importance in a child’s development of social skills. As seen with Jeffrey Dahmer he did not receive that socialization bond be it with his parent or other people in his life. All the way through his childhood, Jeffrey Dahmer was ignored and developed a way of perceiving himself as an outsider, rejected by society. This loneliness and sense of rejection grew until it aggravated his compulsion to commit the monstrous crimes of murder,†¦show more content†¦He often used offerings of alcohol, sex, and money to lure men back to kill them. He also lost connection with social bond when he dropped out of college for his excessive drinking. He was sent to the Army by his father, but he was discharged due to his alcoholism. That withered the bond with his fa ther after disappointing him. His father sent Dahmer to live with his grandmother, possibly to have Jeffrey under close supervision to make sure he did not drink excessively. He also had withered the bond he had with his grandmother when she had become tired of the late-night drinking and bringing men to the house. She eventually kicked him out of her house. I also believe the routine activities theory applies Jeffrey Dahmer. Many serial killers have hunting patterns and that is a sign of the routine activities theory. He always went through the same routine to bribe his victims into coming back to his place with him. Once he drugged them or killed them he would have sex with them and save some of the body parts to eat later on, I believe that is a great example of the routine activities theory. Also he always went to gay bars and the same kind of places from the beginning of his adult hood to the end right before he was arrested and convicted, this is also part of the routine activ ities theory because he went to the same type of places to hunt his victims. Routine activities theory has been found as a major theory for sexualShow MoreRelated Jeffrey Dahmer Essay example1398 Words   |  6 Pages Biography On: Jeffrey Dahmer Section I: Introduction: Jeffrey Dahmer was one of the most well known serial killers ever. Dahmer was no ordinary serial killer. He was a killer, necropheliac, and a cannibal. The purpose of this report is to learn more about this serial killer. Section II: Overview †¢nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;â€Å"Jeffrey Dahmer was born May 21, 1960, at Evangelical Hospital in Milwaukee, Wisconsin† (Blakey). †¢nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;â€Å"Jeffrey Dahmer was found beaten by fellowRead MoreJeffrey Dahmer : An Strange Boy1646 Words   |  7 Pages1 CP Period 9 20 January 2015 Jeffrey Dahmer Jeffrey Dahmer was born on May 21, 1960 in Milwaukee Wisconsin to Joyce and Lionel Dahmer. Jeffrey Dahmer grew up a very joyful, outgoing, happy kid. Dahmer was like this until his brother was born. After the birth of his brother, he seemed lonely as if he was seeking love and attention. Around the age of 6, Dahmer had a double hernia operation. Joyce and Lionel Dahmer soon realized that their son had really changed. Dahmer was shy and kept to himself,Read MoreThe Monster Within By Jeffrey Dahmer852 Words   |  4 Pageskiller, Jeffrey Dahmer. The documentary follows the life of Jeffrey Lionel Dahmer told from his father’s, Lionel Herbert Dahmer, side of things. Jeffrey Dahmer killed seventeen men, had sex with their corpses, and ate them. It focuses on Dahmer’s sexuality, his reason of doing these things, and the timeline of his life and murders. There were many interesting facts used in the documentary that really keeps the viewers mind focused, and surprised with ev ery detail stated. Jeffrey Dahmer stated thatRead MoreJeffrey Dahmer : Serial Killer2695 Words   |  11 Pages Jeffrey Dahmer is considered to be one of the top serial killers of all time. Jeffrey is believed to be a top serial killer for several reasons, as he would drug and strangle his victims to death, he would also do a ritual to most of his victims over and over again. He had a necrophilia problem and would torcher his victims. In this research paper I will explain why it was believe that Jeffrey did what he did to his victims. I will tell about Jeffrey’s life as a child to his life as killer andRead MoreThe Criminal Mind : Jeffrey Dahmer Essay1188 Words   |  5 PagesEssay #3 Rough Draft The criminal mind is something that is difficult to comprehend. The aggressive, manic, and psychotic behaviors of criminals are all a reflection of their human biology and the environment. Jeffrey Dahmer, also known as the Milwaukee Cannibal, committed several crimes of murder and rape which were behaviors influenced by both external factors and his genetic makeup. While certain justifications for criminal acts can be argued as irrational, it is clear that the biological andRead MoreJeffrey Dahmer : Understanding Criminal Minds2895 Words   |  12 Pages A Jeffrey Dahmer Story Tyler Jones Understanding Criminal Minds December 1, 2014 Jeffrey Dahmer Fantasies can be strengthened by great amount of sex drive that assists in unusual behaviors; sexual murders are based on fantasies. The purposes of the fantasies are to take control of the victims; the killer wants the control because he/she has sought it since childhood. It is known that very few serial killers have healthy relation with their parents.†¨ â€Å"Jeffrey was born on MayRead MoreJeffrey Dahmer : An American Serial Killer912 Words   |  4 Pagesoffender(s), in separate events.† Jeffrey Lionel Dahmer, who is well known as an American serial killer and sex offender who was born on May 21, 1960, in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. He is known for his murders committed in his teenage years between the years of 1978 and 1991; Jeffrey Dahmer murdered 17 males. He not only murdered 17 men, but horrifically disposed of their bodies; he committed acts of rape, dismemberment, necrophilia, and cannibalism. However, Jeffrey Dahmer has been glorified by people inRead Mo reThe Serial Killers : Jeffrey Dahmer Essay1806 Words   |  8 Pagesimaginations of people for a long time. One of the most notorious serial killers is Jeffrey Dahmer whose gruesome murders shocked the nation. Jeffrey Lionel Dahmer also known as Milwaukee monster was a notorious American serial killer and sexual offender in the 1980s and early 1990s. Between 1978 and 1991 Dahmer had murdered 17 men. His victims were usually raped, tortured, dismembered, and cannibalism was also involved. Jeffrey was a troubled child psychologically and his social skills had a lot to be desiredRead MoreJeffrey Dahmer Research Paper1971 Words   |  8 PagesJeffrey Dahmer Research Paper 08/29/2012 Introduction Jeffrey Dahmer was a notorious serial killer in the late 70’s throughout the early 90’s. What made him stand out from most serial killer’s was what he did to the bodies of his victims. During this research paper, I will cover his childhood life, what led to his lifestyle of killing and cannibalism and also the crimes that were committed during his murderous acts. I will also compare what theories relate to Jeffrey Dohmer and whatRead MoreLife of a Serial Killer, Jeffrey Dahmer774 Words   |  3 Pagesunsuccessful and they divorced. Jeffrey graduated from high school in May of 1978 and a few weeks before he graduated, one of his teachers noticed him near the parking lot drinking multiple cans of beer. After the teacher threatened to expose the matter, he claimed that he was experiencing many difficulties at home and the counselor at the school knew it. His mother was awarded custody of his brother David, and moved out to live with her family. At this time J effrey had turned 18, and was legally

The Picture Of Dorian Gray And Stavrogin s Confession

The story â€Å"The Picture of Dorian Gray† and â€Å"Stavrogin’s Confession† at first my seem similar only because both main characters are narcissus yet when one takes the time to analyze each story there is a deeper connection. Each story hints on how society misinterprets a beautiful person and wealthy person with a person who is noble. Although each story was written by different authors, both had a similar opinion on how a person can be influenced. At first sight, Oscar Wilde the author of â€Å"The Picture of Dorian Gray† wish to emphasize on the importance of beauty and youth from the beginning. This was illustrated on the way Dorian character has been first introduced, â€Å"In the center of the room, clamped to an upright easel, stood the full-length portrait of a young man of extraordinary personal beauty, and in front of it, some little distance away, was sitting the artist himself, Basil Hallward, whose sudden disappearance some years ago caused, at the time, such public excitement, and gave rise to so many strange conjectures.† (Page 3) In this one passage Oscar Wilde was able to give Dorian character an extraordinary advantage over the other characters. â€Å"Full-length portrait of a young man of extraordinary personal beauty† hints to the reader that Dorian is above the other towering over people because of his extraordinary beauty. Fyodor Dostoevsky the author of â€Å"Stavrogin’s Confes sion† did the same when he wrote; â€Å"He hastily drank his coffee, hastily dressed himself, and

Immunization Health Care Delivery Free Essays

Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity (WHO). Nowadays, this is one of the global issues that experts are trying to solve on how they can help each individual to attain this stage, which in the end they across of finding ways on how an individual will be able to achieve this goal. That is through immunization. We will write a custom essay sample on Immunization: Health Care Delivery or any similar topic only for you Order Now Immunizations are used to protect the human body against preventable diseases. Immunizations are usually given in the form of a shot or vaccine. When one gets immunized, the body develops the ability to fight off a given disease. Immunizations safeguard the body from illnesses and death caused by certain infectious diseases. Some immunizations are given to prevent a single disease, while others will take care of two or three diseases. Immunizations help control infectious diseases that were once common. They have reduced, and in many cases, eliminated, diseases that routinely killed or harmed infants, children, and adults. However, the viruses and bacteria that cause vaccine-preventable disease and death still exist and can be passed on to people who are not immunized. Children need immunizations to protect them from dangerous childhood diseases. How can this be possible for everybody? That was answered by World Health Organization, when they initiated the Expanded Program on Immunization in May 1974 with the objective to vaccinate children throughout the world. Ten years later, in 1984, the WHO established a standardized vaccination schedule for the original EPI vaccines: Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DPT), oral polio, and measles. Increased knowledge of the immunologic factors of disease led to new vaccines being developed and added to the EPI’s list of recommended vaccines: Hepatitis B (HepB), yellow fever in countries endemic for the disease, and Haemophilus influenzae meningitis (Hib) conjugate vaccine in countries with high burden of disease. In 1999, the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization (GAVI) was created with the sole purpose of improving child health in the poorest countries by extending the reach of the EPI. The GAVI brought together a grand coalition, including the UN agencies and institutions (WHO, UNICEF, the World Bank), public health institutes, donor and implementing countries, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and The Rockefeller Foundation, the vaccine industry, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and many more. The creation of the GAVI has helped to renew interest and maintain the importance of immunizations in battling the world’s large burden of infectious diseases. The current goals of the EPI are: to ensure full immunization of children under one year of age in every district, to globally eradicate poliomyelitis, to reduce maternal and neonatal tetanus to an incidence rate of less than one case per 1,000 births by 2005, to cut in half the number of measles-related deaths that occurred in 1999, and to extend all new vaccine and preventive health interventions to children in all districts in the world. In addition, the GAVI has set up specific milestones to achieve the EPI goals: that by 2010 all countries have routine immunization coverage of 90% of their child population, that HepB be introduced in 80% of all countries by 2007 and that 50% of the poorest countries have Hib vaccine by 2005. In each of the United Nations’ member states, the individual national governments create and implement their own policies for vaccination programs following the guidelines set by the EPI. Setting up an immunization program is multifaceted and contains many complex components including a reliable cold chain system, transport for the delivery of the vaccines, maintenance of vaccine stocks, training and monitoring of health workers, outreach educational programs to inform the public, and a means of documenting and recording which child receives which vaccines. At the local level, implementation of the health care delivery system has been given greater responsibility to the local government Unit (LGU) by virtue of the Local Government Code of 1991, the Magna Carta for health workers for Republic Act 7305 in 1992, and the barangay health workers benefits in Incentives Act of 1995. The latter act provides for training volunteer workers as well as minimal incentives to convince them to help run barangay health station or centers. This volunteer will assist in clerical tasks and minor health procedures, such as weighing and measuring patients and malnutrition mitigating activities. However, this workers do it in this context that the study was conceptualize the results of the study may provide an assessment of the status of the health care delivery system and immunization status of children whose ages are 0 to 12 months old in Barangay San Juan- San Ramon of Municipality of Camaligan, Camarines Sur. The research finding can be a basis and inputs to the Local Government Units of Camaligan and Barangay San Juan- San Ramon in planning and implementation of barangay health care delivery system. Furthermore, allocation of Local Government Units (LGUs) budget or expenditure priority can also be guided towards a more responsive allocation level of health services. Results of the study may also contribute towards awareness building and educating the barangay residence about preventive health care. In terms of capacity building, the Local Government Unit (LGU) and the National Government will be given one basis for their technical support and training program for the health care workers to better improved the capacity to perform their jobs. After all, an empowered and well trained social health care work force will improved the delivery of community health care and reduce the number of children from preventable illnesses such as measles, malaria, diarrhea, malnutrition, and acute respiratory infection. Providing care for the children is really important. They will live to grow into adulthood and eventually become the future adult citizens. To ensure a productive future for these children, they must be protected from heavy childhood diseases which can be prevented through immunization. Presidential Decree No. 996 stated about â€Å"providing for compulsory basic immunization for infants and children below 8 years of age†. Immunization is one of the most important preventive management that should be done and given to infants in the first few months of his life. Estimates reveal that diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, poliomyelitis, tuberculosis, and measles are responsible for the deaths of about 5 million children every year in developing countries. These diseases are preventable through immunization with a handful of vaccines that can be given within the first year of a child’s life. Immunization has been recognized and accepted as one of the most important components in the prevention and control of communicable diseases. Immunization is a basic health service; therefore it is integrated into the healthcare delivery service of the ministry of health. With the assistance of UN children’s fund and WHO, the ministry of ealth launches the expanded program on immunization objective of reducing the morbidity and mortality rates of the EPI mentioned by increasing the proportion of fully immunized children in their first year of life. The researchers are fully aware and knowledgeable about the immunization that will provide maximal immunity to Expanded Program on Immunization diseases before a child’s first birthday. The respondents are well exposed to immunization activities for they have volunteered and particip ated in the community’s activity program. Thus, they can well undertake the study. How to cite Immunization: Health Care Delivery, Papers

Product Portfolio & PLC

Question: This assignment has been designed to allow students the opportunity to explore the underlying importance of marketing and a marketing philosophy within organisations, and to society as a whole Assessment Task Most organisations offer more than one product or service..The advantage here is that the various products the product portfolio can be managed so that they are not all in the same phase in their life cycles. Having products evenly spread across life cycles allows for the most efficient use of both cash and human resources. Answer: Introduction This research study focuses on the aspects of strategic marketing and expansion of a company by using strategic planning. The study highlights the use of techniques of expansion by portfolio analysis and product lifecycle management. The contention present before the research is that, Most organisations offer more than one product or service. The advantage here is that the various products the product portfolio can be managed so that they are not all in the same phase in their life cycles. Having products evenly spread across life cycles allows for the most efficient use of both cash and human resources, (Hollensen, 2015), which highlights that the strategic planning by product portfolio, i.e. introduction of a variety of products by a company is advantageous, and the same is more beneficial in terms of money and resource if the products have variant life cycles (Medway, Warnaby and Dharni, 2010). The report explains the theories of strategic marketing by applying the concepts of it to a chosen industry, in the present case it is Cadbury which is one of the biggest confectionary company, offering milk chocolates and other variants such as biscuits, beverages etc. There has been a shift in the market trend and the planning techniques that companies use, earlier the focus was on production techniques which then shifted towards the product and then to sales and now the companys focus on marketing strategies for expansion and sustenance (Ofek, 2010). Strategic Marketing Strategy is a systemic planning, after taking into consideration the external and internal environment and planning according to the affects that may be caused. Strategic planning is a planning done for the long run, which includes various steps which could not be undone later, as a lot of resource and capital is already involved in it. Strategic planning differs from marketing planning also, as strategic planning procures a framework for marketing planning and sets procedures and tasks to fulfil the marketing planning strategies. Strategic planning is again long term and is for the overall working of the organisation, however, marketing planning is a short term phenomenon made to fulfil a marketing strategy for a certain specific task of marketing. Levels of strategy development It is important for small scale or large business corporations to develop strategic plans to fulfil their objectives of marketing in order to sustain their products and business (Kuester, Homburg and Hess, 2012). The strategic planning is done in a systemic way that is divided into three levels: Corporate strategies: this is concerned with allocation of resources within a corporation. It involves allotment of resources to various lines of the same corporation (Designing product and business portfolios, 1981); the allotment is done in a strategic manner so as to make optimum use of resources. The strategic is made to develop a mission and vision and goals that are to fulfilled by the firm at the corporate level, this involves three types of formulation of strategies: Expansion strategies: expansion strategies include planning for a firm to expand its business in the market by either through concentration of its products, by penetrating into the market, diversification of its goods etc. expansion could be done by integration techniques also which involves combining various other activities of a firm with the existing activities. Integration could be horizontal, vertical, backward or forward. Internationalisation and digitalisation are other expansion strategies (Wilson and Gilligan 2005). Stability strategies: these strategies aim at improving the functions and the quality of the goods and services provided by a company. It is focused on satisfying the customers and improving the performance of the firm in the market. Retrenchment Strategies: these strategies are followed or developed when a company wants to decrease its product line or wants to close down or divest its business. This is done by sale, liquidation, reducing or eliminating its products etc. Business Unit Strategies: these strategies are made for a particular product or division of a corporation or business. These strategies includes strategies related to cost, pricing, sales, packaging etc of a product, its timely production, delivery, brand image, innovation, technological improvising is all a part of these strategic planning. Functional Strategies: these strategies relate to marketing, production, human resource and finance. The marketing and human resource department follows the instructions of the top management to fulfil the planning scheme of the management. Stages of Strategic planning There are various stages involved in strategic planning, as discussed it is a systemic phenomenon and therefore involves a procedural planning divided into 3 stages: Strategy formulation- this is the stage of determining the objective of the company, as to what it wants to do (Cravens, 1982). This stage determines the mission and goals and objective of the company. This planning stage sets out the core objectives that the company needs to fulfil. Mission statement is the first set of document prepared that enlists the repercussions of the external and internal environment that can affect the organisation in the future as well as in the present. Strategy implementation- after the formulation of the strategies the implementation part comes into picture. This stage involves information system, leadership, corporate culture, business governance and ethics along with functional strategies. Strategy evaluation and control- the effectiveness of a strategy can only be checked after it is implemented, therefore it becomes necessary to manage and control the strategies so implemented. In order to evaluate the strategies it is necessary that there exists proper communication channels in all the aspects where those strategies can leave their impact. Monitoring the affects and the strategic steps taken along with rectification and immediate reassessment of strategies in case of emergencies and crisis form a part of this stage. Development of marketing strategy Marketing strategies needs to be developed in order to stand out from the people who are involved in the same field. It is important to keep a check on the quantity, availability, after services, pricing, promotion, brand image of the products so as to stand out in the crowd of products available in the market. Marketers use various techniques to stand out in the market and formulate marketing strategies which are as follows: Portfolio analysis- this is a systemic method that involves formulation of present and future portfolio of a business, i.e. the shaping of the products and services of a business. Ansoff matrix- this is a matrix that maps the growth of the product in the market. Product Portfolio Portfolio analysis is a systematic method that scrutinises the products and services that are a part of are offered by an organisation and form a part of their portfolio. An analysis of the products that are offered by the business helps in allocation of resources as per the requirements so analysed and helps in knowing what product should remain and which one should be done away with time (The Guardian 2012). A single organisation can provide goods of all variants, such as ITC group has their chain of hotels, they have cosmetic products etc, these all variety of products offered by ITC group becomes a part of their product portfolio. With time it becomes important that the products and services that are not in demand or whose demand and use has been reduced or done away with, such products and services are either eliminated or innovated in the market so as to create a demand of it again between the customers. Portfolio analysis helps keep a check of these factors and helps in taking steps and formulating strategies to bring about changes in the product line of a business. Advantages and Disadvantages of Portfolio Analysis Advantages: It helps the management allocate resources according to the requirement. It maximises return on the investment on innovation of products. It stimulates the management about the financial aspect of a product for its growth and expansion. It helps the management to know about the proprieties. It helps bring balance between the various product lines or departments of the same organisation. It helps maintain a competitive edge in the market. Disadvantages or Limitations: There is a difficulty in determining product segments. Since the evaluation is subjective in nature therefore the cash flow estimate is not accurate. It is difficult to value certain products and assets and therefore it becomes difficult to analyse a portfolio that has these kinds of products. THE BOSTON MATRIX This is an analysis model to analyse the product and services keeping in consideration the growth of a product in the market and the share that it has in the market. This method helps in knowing what is the current position of the product in the market. It has 4 parts for its analysis: A star- high market share and in a high market growth. Shows that the market is in the growing phase. Cash cows - high market share in a low market growth market. Shows that the market has reached a level of maturity. Question marks (or problem children) - low market share and high market growth. Shows that there is competition in the market. A dog - low market share and is in a low-growth market. Shows that there is no scope for that product in the market. Product lifecycle A product life cycle shows the growth and sales of a product over a period of time. A product goes through various stages in the market over a period of time and marketers allot resources to it strategically that impacts the growth of that product (Iriobe, 2009). Even the expenditure incurred on promotion of a product changes with time and hence every product has a product lifecycle in which various resources are distributed according to the strategic planning done for a product and a lifecycle of a product is made. Research indicates that firms should reduce the advertising cost of a product over the life cycle of it, although researchers have even stated that there is no impact of advertisement on the life cycle of a product. Studies indicate that the life cycle of a product is affected by various factors over time that include allocation of advertising and other marketing mix variables, such as sales force etc. Cadbury and its Strategic marketing Cadbury is a well known chocolate brand that offers a variety of chocolates, cakes, drinking chocolates etc. Cadbury brand was established by John Cadbury (Birmingham, England) in 1831. Cadburys colour purple has been associated with it and well recognised and Cadbury has also obtained a colour trade mark for its milk chocolates. Cadburys recognition level is around 96% along with brands such as McDonalds and Coca Cola. Cadbury targets all age group of customer with its variant product mix. Dairy Milk is one of the most famous milk chocolates amongst the youngsters as well as the old nooks. Cadbury Product Portfolio: The most commonly bought product of Cadbury includes its dairy milk range that consists of plain Dairy Milk Chocolate, Fruit and Nut, Dairy Milk Whole Wheat etc. One of the least common products of it is the whole Nut Bar which is considered as a dog product and therefore that acquires the least percentage of the market and its demand and growth is too less. Although after the product analysis the chocolate is still in the market as it generates revenue of 40 million each year (wordpress n.d.). Dairy Milk Product Lifecycle (My Media Watch, 2015): Introduction- 1824- Cadbury Dairy Milk was invented by John Cadbury. 1904- George Cardbury perfected the recipe for milk chocolate. 1905- Cadbury launched Dairy Milk into the market of UK. 1928- Heavy investments began in U.K for the promotion of Cadbury Dairy Milk through advertisements focusing on its high milk content Growth- 1928-1933- Fruit and Nut and Whole Nut was introduced. Maturity- 1913- Dairy Milk became the best selling product of Cadbury in U.K. Decline- Consumers have started shifting to other chocolate brands and categories such as Bournvilles dark Chocolate. It is necessary to determine the market standing and share and to make marketing strategies according to the determinants, to know the position of the company SWOT analysis is one of the most commonly used environmental analysis framework, other methods are PEST Analysis that focuses on the external and the internal environment that affects the growth and expansion of a company. SWOT Analysis of Cadbury Strength 1. It is the topmost chocolate brand and has developed customer loyalty over the period of time. 2. It has the most famous celebrities as its brand ambassadors. 3. It uses an excellent promotional technique through advertisement that easily makes people fall for it and caters people needs and accessibility. 4. It is the first brand that comes to peoples mind in the field of chocolates. 5. It has created its brand loyalty among its customers. Weakness 1. There is a limited shelf life of its eatables. 2. It has been made controversial many times and has also been tainted due a scandal. Opportunities 1. It has an untapped rural market 2. Its packaging is one of the most attractive packings which also extends its preservation life. 3. It has an upper hand in the market due to its brand worth. 4. Its sugar free category has also attracted more people and covered the ones who could not have taken joy of its products. Threat 1. Not common between health conscious people. 2. Raw material costs have increased and inflation results in decrease of sales. 3. Health consciousness amongst people. 4. Other substitutes are available in the global as well as the local markets. PEST Analysis Political- U,Ks political environment has created a huge impact on the working of Cadbury, as the Labour laws and the policies of the union create a great impact on the internal working. Economic- even during the global crisis Cadbury maintained to keep its sales stable although there was a decline in the disposable income of the consumers. Social- the introduction of Cadbury was due to social factors, as the inventors of Cadbury were against alcohol and the basis of their business was tea, coffee, liquid chocolate. Cadbury has been into various controversies but has always come out of it fighting the rigours of the social impacts. Technology- Finally, technology has changed Cadburys production and packing process over the years, starting with the introduction of new brew machines to blend coffee and cocoa gains. After analysing the strengths and weaknesses as well as the external and internal environment of a company it becomes easy to strategically plan in a way so as to eliminate and overcome the weaknesses according to the opportunities and keeping in mind the existing threats. Marketing strategies of Cadbury Advertising- Cadbury has taken a special place when it comes to chocolates, as everyone first think of Dairy Milk. But Cadburys director of marketing felt the need to bring back the craze for Dairy Milk between the people as it had become passive. In order to do so, they planned for an advertisement commercial that came out to be as the Gorilla Ad Campaign. The purpose of the campaign was to instill people with the love for Dairy Milk again and from being seen as manufacturers of Dairy Milk to as producers of happiness. The Gorilla Ad Campaign had such an impact on the people that Cadbury was able to bag a Yellow Pencil and a Black Pencil at the DAD Professional Awards (DAD. (n.d.). Brand Positioning and Repositioning- Brand positioning is one of the metods of making the brand known to a target audience and communicating an image that is created of that brand amongst the people. It is technique of creating an image of the brand or a product in front of the audience, to fight competition. Repositioning can be done in the following way: Image repositioning- in this the market for that product remains unchanged only a change in the image of the product is made before the target audience. e.g. Cadbury Snack. Intangible repositioning- the same product is used but the target segment is different e.g. Lucozade change from targeting the sick to targeting athletes. Product repositioning- the product is reshaped or is made more attractive to the people, e.g. introduction of angry birds in gems to attract the kids. Tangible repositioning both the product as well as the target segment is changed, e.g. introduction of Bournvita as a beverage as well as currently biscuits, gave an opportunity to Cadbury to enter the heath sector. Product Extension- in this strategy of growth and expansion, the existing product is extended by the company so as to add a line of products taking advantage of the current share of the existing product that is in demand. Like Cadburys bournvita, a health drink has a large share into the heath and nutritious food market, Cadbury introduced its Bournvita biscuits and attracted the existing market share of the beverage to the recently introduced biscuits. Recommendations It is necessary that Cadbury increase its health and nutrition product line as that is one of the drawbacks of Cadbury, as health conscious people avoid the consumption of its products. It is necessary that Cadbury increase the shelf life of its products, as it melts easily. Although there has been an extensive research on heat resistant packaging and techniques, yet it has not come into existence. As other substitutes are available easily and there is a low cost in shifting therefore t is necessary for Cadbury to come up with innovative techniques to bind the customers to its products. Brand Positioning and repositioning is necessary for Cadbury for its common products, as with time people tend to get bored and with the market flooded with new options, the target audience might shift to new and better alternatives. Conclusion Marketing Strategies are designed in order to achieve certain objectives that are set by an organisation. The marketing strategies help an organisation to grow and expand the business rationally and in a planned manner. It is through the implementation of these strategies that an organisation can prosper, and the implementation is dependent upon the actual performance. It is important that there is flexibility in the strategies adopted by an organisation so as to overcome problems and difficulties in unexpected circumstances as a market is never stable and hence sudden decisions depending upon the situation of the market needs to be taken in case of emergencies. The market is evolving and these strategic marketing planning is implemented so as to understand and capitalise these changes that are occur in the markets at a global level. References: DAD. (n.d.). Case Study: Cadbury Gorilla. cadbury.co.uk. (2016).Products. Hollensen, S. (2015) Marketing Management: A relationship approach. 3rd ed. Harlow Pearson p257. Hutt, M. and Speh, T. (2010).Business marketing management. Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning. Iriobe, O. (2009). Product Life Cycle: A Key to Strategic Marketing Planning. Kuester, S., Homburg, C. and Hess, S. (2012). Externally Directed and Internally Directed Market Launch Management: The Role of Organizational Factors in Influencing New Product Success. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 29, pp.38-52. Lancaster, G. and Massingham, L. (2010).Essentials of marketing management. New York: Routledge. Medway, D., Warnaby, G. and Dharni, S. (2010). Demarketing places: Rationales and strategies. Journal of Marketing Management, 27(1-2), pp.124-142. Moutinho, L. and Southern, G. (2010).Strategic marketing management. Hampshire, U.K.: Cengage Learning EMEA. Mullins, J. and Walker, O. (2010).Marketing management. Boston: McGraw-Hill Irwin. Ofek, E. (2010). Marketing and Innovation Management: An Integrated Perspective. Foundations and Trends in Marketing, 4(2), pp.77-128 Steffens, P. and Kaya, M. (2008). Reconceptualizing the Product Life Cycle Concept - Lessons from Diffusion of Innovations. SSRN Electronic Journal.